06 de febrero de 2024

Taxonomy | Geometridae | Ennominae | Ourapteryx

with thanks to @vrxz for making me look back at the HK Ourapteryx observations a second time

There are two Ourapteryx species in HK - the well observed O. clara, and an overlooked (for years) and as yet unidentified montane taxon, close to O. yerburii.
With careful observation of the hindwing caudal pattern elements these two taxa are easily separated: O. clara has a thin caudal line, mostly blue, and with no red blotch/rectangle.

Compare:
RED rectangle/blotch and grey shading in caudal tail pattern - sp. near. O. yerburii

BLUE line and dot with yellow shading in caudal tail pattern - O. clara

Publicado el febrero 6, 2024 05:47 MAÑANA por hkmoths hkmoths | 4 comentarios | Deja un comentario

09 de enero de 2024

Plume moths - body patterns help id

Identification of Plume Moths

Plume moths are not the easiest to id at the best of times, and often one sees beaten-up, partially scaled individuals in the field. Wing patterns of many species are confusingly similar, or bland, making identification in the field difficult, or impossible, on wing pattern elements.

Fortunately, the dorsal body patterns are very handy id guides…. for most species (but not the genus Pterophorus!) [thx to Donald Hobern (@dhobern ) for this tip], as they seem to get less rubbed than wing scales (that would make up the wing patterns usually used for moth identification in the field)

Here’s 16 of the 22 HK species de-winged so one can appreciate the variation of pattern elements.

so what to use as help to id plume moth species?

  • dorsal pattern elements on thorax and abdomen
  • lateral pattern elements may exist, too (but beyond the scope of this post)
  • common elements include spots, bands (narrow and wide), chevrons and longitudinal stripes, even blotches (triangular and trapezoidal seem to be a popular theme!)
  • abdominal ridges and pattern element placement relative to these ridges (compare the two Deuterocopus species, for example)
  • colours of the patterns are all pigment based, so will fade with exposure to daylight, and may not be consistent from one individual to another, or between populations, so should be used as a secondary identification tool

hope these pointers help a little.

More at the blog

Publicado el enero 9, 2024 03:19 TARDE por hkmoths hkmoths | 0 comentarios | Deja un comentario

24 de noviembre de 2023

Taxonomy | Thyrididae

more fallout from the recent Moths of Laos publication (2020):

(A) Definite changes
(1) all records in HK of Calindoea argentalis (Walker, 1866) are referable to Calindoea sapa Owada & Kobayashi, 2020, which occurs in Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia and southern China - the forewing costal margin of sapa is much browner, the f/w subterminal spotted fascia almost non existant and the hindwing fasciae less distinct. Further information on this species "pair" is given under the atlas entry for C. sapa

Calindoea argentalis
(from Java)
Calindoea sapa
(from Hong Kong)

(2) Owada & Kobayashi have revived the combination Hypolamprus subrosealis Leech, 1889 (previously as Picrostomastis subrosealis)

(B) Likely changes (pending taxonomic investigation of HK material).
further changes in the Laotian Thyrididae paper will likely impact the following two taxa in HK:
(1) Banisia lobata (Moore, 1882) perhaps now B. ceylonensis Whalley, 1976; prev. as ssp pf lobata;
(2) Banisia myrsusalis (Walker, 1859) possibly should be B. elaralis (Walker, 1859); prev. as ssp of myrsusalis

M. Owada & M. Kobayashi (2020). Thyrididae. pp 182-197 in Kishida, Y. (ed). Moths of Laos, Part 1 Tinea 25 (Supplement 2)
[link opens as PDF file]

Publicado el noviembre 24, 2023 02:20 TARDE por hkmoths hkmoths | 0 comentarios | Deja un comentario

15 de noviembre de 2023

Taxonomy | Geometridae | Geometrinae | Hemithea

More trouble.

The genus Hemithea is not straightforward.

In Hong Kong there are three species known and at least one other possible.
Known:
H. tritonaria
H. insularia
H. marina

Suspected:
H. krakonaria

problem is that on external morphology only H. marina is identifiable in the field. The other three belong to the H. neptunaria group.

H. marina
note the terminal fascia is only slightly darker green than the ground colour, not black as per the neptunaria complex, in which tritonaria is described from Hong Kong, the other key species being neptunaria, posidonaria, insularia and krakenaria - see Moths of Borneo 9).
Species in the neptunaria group are best determined by dissection as the genital morphology is distinct. Larval morphology may also be diagnostic, though as yet only H. insularia & tritonaria have been reared in Hong Kong.

Other similar genera.....

Jodis, Maxates and Chlorissa.

Jodis & Maxates species have no abdominal blotch
Chlorissa aquamarina has no terminal fascia and a paler, jade green, more translucent apprearance.

Here's a visual comparison:

H. tritonaria OR H. insularia
(black wing margin)
H. marina
(dark green / concolorous wing margins)
Jodis nanda
(no abdominal blotch, no terminal fascia)
Maxates microdonta group
(no abdominal blotch, dark green / concolorous wing margins)
Chlorissa aquamarina
(no terminal fascia, pale jade, strong discal dots)
Publicado el noviembre 15, 2023 03:48 TARDE por hkmoths hkmoths | 0 comentarios | Deja un comentario

01 de noviembre de 2023

Taxonomy | Eupterotidae | Eupterotinae | Tagora

Since June (2023), when @andrewhardacre noted there was a recent publication by Naumann & Nässig (2022) on the genus Tagora, I have been trying to find a few hours in which to update the repercussions of said paper.

In essence, what had been regarded as Eupterote pandya (ex Ganisa pandya) has been given a thorough taxonomic (morphological and molecular) investigation. As a result, over a dozen new species have been described, mostly each with a very limited geographic distribution. On external morphology, there is little to easily diagnose each species, though reproductive morphology and molecular data support each species.
As a result, the genus Tagora was redescribed and the Hong Kong "pandya" was redescribed as a new species, Tagora loeffleri, which is known from Hong Kong and northern Vietnam. True pandya is a Himalayan species.

Tagora loeffleri, Hong Kong

The full paper is some 100 pages long, with excellent illustrations of adult voucher material and morphology, several distribution maps and most useful table of diagnostic features. Very little larval or ecological information is known for the genus.

Publicado el noviembre 1, 2023 07:08 MAÑANA por hkmoths hkmoths | 0 comentarios | Deja un comentario

17 de marzo de 2023

Taxonomy | Geometridae | Sterrhinae | Perixera griseata

All Asian griseata should be identified to subspecific rank as Perixera griseata ssp. belgaumensis

Please see the comments at https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/129077074 for the low down

Publicado el marzo 17, 2023 06:46 MAÑANA por hkmoths hkmoths | 0 comentarios | Deja un comentario

13 de diciembre de 2022

Taxonomy | Stathmopodidae | newly described Chinese Stathmopoda species, including from HK

A series of three papers in the journal Zootaxa were published in 2020 and 2021 on the genus Stathmopopda from China.
Specifically:

  1. Wang, A.L.; Guan, W. & Wang, S.X., 2020. Genus Stathmopoda Herrich-Schäffer, 1853 (Lepidoptera: Stathmopodidae) from China: Descriptions of thirteen new species. Zootaxa 4838 (3): 358-380. DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4838.3.3
  2. Wang, A.L.; Wang, S.X. & Guan, W., 2021. Genus Stathmopoda Herrich-Schäffer, 1853 (Lepidoptera: Stathmopodidae) from China: Descriptions of ten new species. Zootaxa 4908 (4): 451-472. DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4908.4.1
  3. Wang, S.X., Guan, W. & Wang, A.L., 2021. Genus Stathmopoda Herrich-Schffer, 1853 (Lepidoptera: Stathmopodidae) from China (III): Descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 5039 (1): 71-108. DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.5039.1.3

The individual species treatments and figures are all avaliable via Zenodo, and I've linked to the adult habitus plates here, below, with HK species captioned in the figure legends in bold font and marked with HK. Scales = 2 mm.

What this means is that we now have a better understanding of the Hong Kong stathmopodid fauna, with resolution of three spp nov from HK and the id of at least two other species. The second and third papers specifically deal with HK material, and the first paper has spp nov that look allied to some of the yellow and dark brown HK species awaiting an id.

There are 6 HK species treated:
S. orbiculata Meyrick, 1913 (already known from HK and correctly identified)
S. tetracantha Wang, Wang & Guan, 2021 - one of the known unkowns, now described.
S. xanthomochla Meyrick, 1913 (already known from HK and previously tentatively identified as sp A near xanathomochla)
S. similignominiosa Wang & Guan, 2021 (already known from HK and previously misidentified as S. sycophanta)
S. diplaspis (Meyrick, 1887) - a known unknown, separated from S. paradiplaspis, below, by the orange (not dark brown) thorax and patagia; separated from S. octicaspis by the lack of eyespot markings on the thorax
S. paradiplaspis Wang & Guan, 2021 - one of the known unkowns, now described; separated from the allied S. diplaspis by the bark, not orange, thorax and patagia and with the sub- and post-medialwhite bands edged with orange.

Further clues to other unidentified HK taxa also in these papers. . . .
The "Stathmopoda near cellifera" is still unresolved, but even closer to the newly described S. triloba
There are at least two further species close to xanthomochla in HK - they differ by the arrangement of the sub-and post-medial banding in placement and thickness of both the black edging and yellow bands; one of the candidate taxa is the new S. apicihamata. The other HK taxa doesn't match any of the xanthomochla group treated in part III
One of the yellow & brown HK species looks allied to S. flavescens.
Still penty of work to be done!


species in paper 1 . . .

FIGURES 3−8. Adults of Stathmopoda spp.
3, S. atrifusca sp. nov., holotype, ♂;
4, S. cellifaria sp. nov., paratype, ♀;
5, S. cornuta sp. nov., holotype, ♂;
6, S. digitiprocessa sp. nov., holotype, ♂;
7, S. dolichantha sp. nov., holotype, ♂;
8, S. falsistimulata sp. nov., paratype, ♀.

FIGURES 9−15. Adults of Stathmopoda spp.
9, S. guangxiensis sp. nov., holotype, ♂;
10, S. ingena sp. nov., paratype, ♀;
11, S. liberata sp. nov., paratype, ♀;
12, S. purpurata sp. nov., paratype, ♀;
13, S. serrifasciaria sp. nov., paratype, ♀;
14, S. similatridorsalis sp. nov., paratype, ♀;
15, S. spinicornuta sp. nov., holotype, ♂.

Species in paper 2 . . .

FIGURES 2‒9. Adults of Stathmopoda spp.
2, S. basirotata sp. nov., holotype, ♂;
3, S. bicoloriptera sp. nov., holotype, ♂;
4, S. bucera sp. nov., paratype, ♀;
5, S. hamulata sp. nov., holotype, ♂;
6, S. ochricolorata sp. nov., holotype, ♂;
7, S. octacantha sp. nov., paratype, ♂;
8, S. pyriformis sp. nov., paratype, ♀;
9, S. rhombica sp. nov., holotype, ♂.

FIGURES 10‒14. Adults of Stathmopoda spp.
10, S. tetracantha sp. nov., paratype, ♀; HK (endemic)
11, S. tristriata sp. nov., holotype, ♂;
12, S. citrinella, ♀;
13, S. orbiculata, ♀; HK
14a, S. tecticochlea, ♂; 14b, S. tecticochlea, ♀.

Species in paper 3 . . .

FIGURES 3‒12. Adults of Stathmopoda spp.
3, S. apicihamata sp. nov., holotype, ♂;
4, S. culcitella, ♂;
5, S. trigonia sp. nov., holotype, ♂;
6, S. xanthomochla, ♂; HK
7, S. aprica, ♂;
8, S. similignominiosa sp. nov., holotype, ♂; HK & Hainan
9, S. sufusciumeraris sp. nov., paratype, ♂;
10, S. balanarcha, ♂;
11, S. ferrorufa sp. nov., paratype, ♀;
12, S. jinxiuensis sp. nov., holotype, ♂.

FIGURES 13‒19. Adults of Stathmopoda spp.
13, S. miniloba sp. nov., paratype, ♀;
14, S. paraxanthostigma sp. nov., paratype, ♂;
15a, S. xanthostigma sp. nov., paratype, ♀;
15b, S. xanthostigma sp. nov., paratype, ♀;
16, S. sphaeroidea sp. nov., paratype, ♀;
17, S. delitescens sp. nov., paratype, ♀;
18, S. diplaspis, ♀; HK
19, S. laiyangensis sp. nov., holotype, ♂.

FIGURES 20‒26. Adults of Stathmopoda spp.
20, S. paradiplaspis sp. nov., paratype, ♂; HK endemic
21, S. placida, ♀;
22, S. trilobata sp. nov., paratype, ♀;
23, S. callicarpicola, ♂;
24, S. cissota, ♀;
25, S. flavescens, ♀;
26, S. gemmiconsuta, ♀.

Publicado el diciembre 13, 2022 10:22 MAÑANA por hkmoths hkmoths | 0 comentarios | Deja un comentario

24 de febrero de 2022

HK Nolini

seems I forgot to post about this at the time . . .

Lots of identification updates to HK's Nolinae, especially Nolini.
László, G. & Sterling, M. (2020) Illustrated checklist of Nolinae (Lepidoptera, Nolidae) of Hong Kong, China, with description of two new species. Ecologica Montenegrina 33: 35-58
http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2020.33.6 (open access)

In particular.....

Old (as per Kendrick, 2002 [plate: fig]) = Current ID

Aquita acontioides [40:26] = Aeneonola acontioides (change of genus)
Manoba brunellus [40:32] = Meganola brunellus (change of genus)
Meganola sp. A & Nola sp D [40:29] = Meganola zolotuhini
Nola analis [40:31] = Nola pascua (mis-identification)
Nola izuensis [40:33] = Manoba fasciatus (izuensis is a jnr synonym)
Nola tristicta [41:1] = Manoba tristicta (change of genus)
Nola sp. nr. tornotis [40:36] = Nola bifascialis (not resolved)
Nola pumila [41:2] = Nola ceylonica (mis-identification)
Nola sp. A [41:3] = Nola mediolineata
Nola sp. B [41:4] = Nola kanshirensis
Nola sp. C nr. cretaca [41:5] = Nola thyrophora
Nola sp. E nr. taeniata [41:7] = Nola taeniata

Old (IGMHK working list to 2019) = Current ID

Chasminola sp. cf. pulchella = Casminodes johanstumpfi
Manoba tesselata = Manoba lativittata (mis-identification)
Meganola sp. nr. major = Spininola nepali
Nola sp. F = Inouenola pallescens
Garella rotundipennis = Nola angustipennis (mis-identification)

New species to science

Hampsonola ceciliae
Spininola kendricki

other spp new to HK

Manoba grisealis
Manoba melancholica

Publicado el febrero 24, 2022 04:06 MAÑANA por hkmoths hkmoths | 0 comentarios | Deja un comentario

06 de marzo de 2021

Taxonomy | Erebidae | Arctiinae | Lithosiini | "Miltochrista alikangiae"

more "progress" - this time another commonly observed taxon in Hong Kong that has been attributed to the species alikangiae Strand, 1917, until recently in Lyclene and latterly of Miltochrista

There is a recent paper that looks at the alikangiae species group - Volynkin & Černý, 2020 (most of which can be seen on Zenodo - that places this group into a newly described genus: Huangilene. So we now have to refer the Hong Kong taxon to the genus Huangilene. So far, so good. Even I can manage that!

Now is where it pays to be a bit more attentive.
The abstract of Volynkin & Černý, 2020, is as follows (my paragraph formatting to make it easier to follow, with figure numbers from the paper's illustrations (added at the bottom herewith) appended in curly brackets):

Abstract
The new genus Huangilene Volynkin & Černý, gen. n. is erected for the
Miltochrista alikangiae (Strand, 1917) species-group with Lyclene kepica Dubatolov
& Bucsek, 2013 as the type species. 

Three new species are described: 
H. odontotilepida Volynkin & Černý, sp. n. (Thailand, Cambodia, Laos), {4, 5, 6}
H. kutzscheri Volynkin & Černý, sp. n. (continental China and Taiwan Isl.) {7 to 10} and 
H. apoklinousa Volynkin & Černý, sp. n. (Vietnam) {26 to 29}. 

Four new combinations are established: 
Huangilene kepica (Dubatolov & Bucsek, 2013), comb. n., {1, 2, 3}
H. pseudolutara (N. Singh & Kirti, 2016), comb. n., {11 to 18}
H. alikangiae alikangiae (Strand, 1917), comb. n. {19 to 22}
H. alikangiae intermedia (Marumo, 1923), comb. n.  {23 to 25}

The lectotype is designated for Asura obsoleta Form alikangiae Strand, 1917,
the species’ type locality is fixed as “Karapin” (Taiwan, Chiayi County, Chaoliping).

Now then, for Hong Kong these newly defined taxa do not fit with what can be observed with certainty. On geography, One would expect H. kutzscheri to be the species found in Hong Kong, based on the geographic distribution given by Volynkin & Černý, 2020. However, the males of this taxon do not have black abdominal scales on the last few segments. Of the species that do have black scale tufts, pseudolutara occurs too far west, and has an incomplete ring of black scales, leaving only the Vietnamese taxon, apoklinousa with a full set of balck abdominal scales. The problem here is that the gap between the sub-medial fascia and the post-medial fascia is relatively small compared to that observed in Hong Kong material.
How to get round these differences - well for now I am going to suggest the HK taxon is placed only to genus for iNat id purposes, ie. Huangilene. What are the realistic options? Only time will tell - dissection for morphological analysis of the abdominal components and a thorough molecular analysis are needed to resolve the issue. For now, though, I will refer to the HK taxon as Huangilene sp. cf. apoklinousa.

Source:
https://zenodo.org/record/4418380#.YENMw477SUk
with the species treated on separate pages to the right side (related identifiers..... parts)



Publicado el marzo 6, 2021 12:57 TARDE por hkmoths hkmoths | 4 comentarios | Deja un comentario

08 de febrero de 2021

Taxonomy | Geometridae | Obeidia tigrata

Well here's news that affects one of the most observed moth species in Hong Kong..... Obeidia tigrata

I have been rumaging through the newly available issues of Tinea (pdf) (volumes 10 to 22), and finally found where the change of genus from Obeidia to Epobeidia came from - Inoue, 2003, Tinea 17: 143.

Further - the HK version is referable to the nominate subspecies, with all orange ground colour. Now.... I've done the necessary updates to the iNat database, but there are hundreds of observations that will be in need of the id refining to subspecies......
All the Hong Kong (and Macau, Vietnam, India & southern mainland China) observations with no white on the hindwings are now referable to Epobeidia tigrata tigrata.
The other subspecies are E. t. leopardaria (Oberthür, 1881) from western Honshu (Japan), the Korean peninsula, as well as (at least) Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces in mainland China; and E. t. maxima, which is restricted to the island of Taiwan.

Publicado el febrero 8, 2021 03:36 TARDE por hkmoths hkmoths | 1 comentario | Deja un comentario