Taxonomy

Animalia Chordata Vertebrata Amphibia Caudata Plethodontidae Bolitoglossa Bolitoglossa colonnea

Taxonomic notes: Section empty

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Geographic Range

This species is found in the humid lowlands and premontane slopes of the Atlantic versant of Costa Rica and western Panama, and the Pacific versant of southwestern Costa Rica and Cerro Campana, Panama, at 40-1,245m asl.

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Population

This species seems to have experienced some recent declines at places in the lowlands (such as at La Selva), however at other lowland sites it remains common (Federico Bolaños Gerardo Chaves pers. comm. 2007).

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Habitat

It inhabits humid lowland and montane forest. It is mainly arboreal (in bromeliads), but can be found on the ground. It breeds by direct development and is not dependent upon water. It can tolerate a limited degree of habitat modification.

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Use Trade

Section empty

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Threats

The main threat is habitat loss caused by expanding smallholder farming, extraction of wood, and human settlement.

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Specific Threats

  • 5.3.5 Motivation Unknown/Unrecorded
  • 2.1.2 Small-holder farming
  • 7.2.11 Dams (size unknown)
  • 1.1 Housing & urban areas

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Conservation Actions

It occurs in several protected areas, including Braulio Carrillo and Tortuguero (among others) in Costa Rica, and Chagres, Palo Seco, and Fortuna in Panama.

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Specific Actions

  • 2.1 Site/area management

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Red List Rationale

Listed as Least Concern since, although its Extent of Occurrence is probably less than 20,000 km2, it is common and reasonably adaptable with a presumed large population, and it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.

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Bibliography

  • Bruce, R.C. 1997. Life history attributes of the salamander Bolitoglossa colonnea. Journal of Herpetology: 592-594.
  • Ehmcke, J. and Clemen, G. 2003. The skull structure of six species of Mesoamerican plethodontid salamanders (Amphibia, Urodela). Annals of Anatomy: 253-261.
  • Ehmcke, J., Wistuba, J. and Clemen, G. 2004. Separated dental laminae are present in the upper jaw of Mesoamerican lungless salamanders (Amphibia, Plethodontidae). Annals of Anatomy: 45-53.
  • García-París, M., Good, D.A., Parra-Olea, G. and Wake, D.B. 2000. Biodiversity of Costa Rican salamanders: implications of high levels of genetic differentiation and phylogeographic structure for species formation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA: 1640-1647.
  • Ibáñez, R., Solís, F., Jaramillo, C. and Rand, S. 2000. An overwiew of the herpetology of Panama. In: J.D. Johnson, R.G. Webb and O.A. Flores-Villela (eds), Mesoamerican Herpetology: Systematics, Zoogeography and Conservation, pp. 159-170. The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas.
  • Leenders, T.A.A.M. and Watkins-Colwell, G.J. 2003. Morphological and behavioral adaptations in Bolitoglossa colonnea (Caudata, Plethodontidae) in relation to habitat use and daily activity cycle. Phyllomedusa: 101-104.
  • Savage, J.M. 2002. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between two Continents, between two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  • Wake, D.B. 1987. Adaptive radiation of salamanders in Middle American cloud forests. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 74: 242-264.
  • Young, B., Sedaghatkish, G., Roca, E. and Fuenmayor, Q. 1999. El Estatus de la Conservación de la Herpetofauna de Panamá: Resumen del Primer Taller Internacional sobre la Herpetofauna de Panamá. The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, Virginia.

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