Taxonomic notes: Section empty

This species lives in the Atlantic lowlands of Panama below 500m asl. It ranges from western Panama adjacent to southeastern Costa Rica, through central Panama and the eastern lowlands, into western Colombia (south to Department of Cauca), and at San Luis, Río Claro, in the Magdalena Valley, Antioquia Department, at 470m asl. It also occurs on Gorgona Island, Colombia, and Colón Island, Panama.

It inhabits humid lowland forest, and is arboreal, living in bromeliads and bananas (heliconias). It can survive in secondary forest, provided that it is not very degraded. It is presumed to breed by direct development, not dependent upon water.

It is a fairly common species in Panama, uncommon in Colombia.

Section empty

The major threats are deforestation for agricultural development, illegal crops, logging and human settlement, and pollution resulting from the spraying of illegal crops.

• 2.1.3 Agro-industry farming
• 2.3.2 Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming
• 5.3.5 Motivation Unknown/Unrecorded
• 2.2.1 Small-holder plantations
• 2.1.2 Small-holder farming
• 9.3.4 Type Unknown/Unrecorded
• 7.1.3 Trend Unknown/Unrecorded
• 2.3.3 Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming
• 2.2.2 Agro-industry plantations
• 1.1 Housing & urban areas

It is known to occur in the following protected areas: Nusagandi, Darien, Chegres, Palo Seco. Much of its known range is protected in Panama. In Colombia it is found within Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona (Urbina-C. and Londoño-M. , 2003).

Listed as Least Concern in view of its relatively wide distribution, tolerance of a degree of habitat modification, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.

• Brame, A.H. and Wake, D.B. 1963. The salamanders of South America. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County - Contributions in Science: 1-72.
• Ibáñez, R., Solís, F., Jaramillo, C. and Rand, S. 2000. An overview of the herpetology of Panama. In: J.D. Johnson, R.G. Webb and O.A. Flores-Villela (eds), Mesoamerican Herpetology: Systematics, Zoogeography and Conservation, pp. 159-170. The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas.
• Tanner, W.W. 1962. A new Bolitoglossa (salamander) from southern Panama. Herpetologica: 18-19.
• Urbina-C., J.N. and Londoño-M., M.C. 2003. Distribución de la comunidad de herpetofauna asociada a cuatro áreas con diferente grado de perturbación en la Isla Gorgona, Pacifico colombiano. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales: 105-113.
• Young, B., Sedaghatkish, G., Roca, E. and Fuenmayor, Q. 1999. El Estatus de la Conservación de la Herpetofauna de Panamá: Resumen del Primer Taller Internacional sobre la Herpetofauna de Panamá. The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, Virginia.