Taxonomic notes: Section empty

This species is recorded from the Diuata Mountains and Mount Kitanglade, in Mindanao, in the Philippines. It probably occurs more widely than current records suggest, especially in areas between known sites.

It is a common species.

It inhabits streams and rivers in lower montane and lowland forests. It presumably breeds by larval development in streams.

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Threats to this species include deforestation due to agriculture, and the pollution and siltation of streams and rivers from agricultural pesticides, herbicides, and mine tailings. Harvesting for human subsistence is a possible threat.

• 2.1.2 Small-holder farming
• 9.3.2 Soil erosion, sedimentation
• 9.2.2 Seepage from mining
• 5.1.1 Intentional use (species is the target)
• 9.3.3 Herbicides and pesticides
• 1.1 Housing & urban areas
• 2.1.1 Shifting agriculture
• 2.1.3 Agro-industry farming
• 5.3.5 Motivation Unknown/Unrecorded

There remains a need for much improved protection of the remaining rainforest habitats on Mindanao, especially riverine habitats and gallery forests. Conservation measures must include the regulation and proper disposal of pesticides and herbicides. Human exploitation of this species needs to be investigated to determine if this activity needs to be regulated.

• 2.1 Site/area management
• 2.3 Habitat & natural process restoration
• 3.1.1 Harvest management
• 1.1 Site/area protection

Listed as Vulnerable because its Extent of Occurrence is less than 20,000 km2, its distribution is severely fragmented, and there is continuing decline in the extent and quality of its forest habitat.

• Alcala, A.C. and Brown, W.C. 1985. Philippine Amphibians: An Illustrated Field Guide. Bookmark Press, Makati City, Philippines.
• Brown, W.C. and Alcala, A.C. 1977. A new frog of the genus Rana from the Philippines. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington: 669-675.
• Dubois, A. 1992. Notes sur la clasification des Ranidae (Amphibiens Anoures). Bulletin Mensuel de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon: 305-352.
• Emerson, S.E., Inger, R.F. and Iskandar, D. 2000. Molecular systematics and biogeography of the fanged frogs of southeast Asia. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution: 131-142.
• Frost, D.R. 1985. Amphibian Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press and the Association of Systematic Collections, Lawrence, Kansas.
• Inger, R.F. 1999. Distributions of amphibians in southern Asia and adjacent islands. In: W.E. Duellman (ed.), Patterns of Distribution of Amphibians: A Global Perspective, pp. 445-482. John Hopkins University Press.