On the cover of a vinyl record case. The colony was huge and had a pastel dirty cream color. Tons of conidia were hiding the capitate end of conidiophores.
Found by chance growing through a thin crust fungus. Preserve and rice field canal edge. Only hardwoods present. "Conidiophores dark, stout, upright, dendritically (arborescent) branched, ultimate branches producing solitary conidia; conidia dark, 4- or more-celled, cylindrical, straight or slightly curved; saprophytic." H. L. Barnett.
Resupinate polypore with a lighter delicate margin which extends in a wide manner and has an arachnoid/loose aspect; bottom of pores has the same look. It has a kind of disagreeable smell; 4-5 pores per mm. KOH just made it gelatinous; but even water does that too. Its color is some kind of dirty pale green; its margin has a dirty white tone. When dry is very brittle. On hardwood; at the edge of a preserve and a rice field canal. In some tiny spots, the polypore is white.
Several units bursting through the bark. The amount of conidia produced on each fruitbody is humongous. The fungus itself is hidden at the bottom; it is gelatinous and immerse in the wood. What the photo shows are the masses of conidia that break apart when wet. They kind of 'melt' on the wood. Conidia are produced trough some type of collar. On Ficus carica; at the edge of a preserve, in a seepage area.
Clonostachys rosea (Link: Fr.) Schroers et al. F 85
was isolated from soil at Site B in June. This is known to be mycoparasite as Gliocladium roseum, a widely distributed species. This species was transferred to Clonostachys in 2000. It is characterized by two kinds of conidiophores. The Verticillium-type primary conidiophores are formed first, then more complicated Penicilium-type secondary conidiophores are formed. The shape of conidia from both types are different from each other. The conidia are also characteristically asymmetrical. https://www.tamagawa.ac.jp/sisetu/gakujutu/alsrc/tama_kin/slide08e.htm
On a thin hardwood branch found on the ground (1 cm thick). Without basal hyphae. Lamprocystidia have thick walls and lower part is naked. Some of them were immersed and some were seen starting at the place with the crust starts growing on the substrate. No spores were seen. Shady woods.
At the base of an old hardwood tree with reddish leaves. It had a faint smell of cabbage. Park/sanctuary.
Crust of delicate, arachnoid aspect (loose) when young, pure white; developing teeth and acquiring a cream color later on. Halocystidia and other type of cystidia seen; clamps profuse on subhymenium and hyphal ends which have incrustations. Unable to see any basidia but plenty of spores were seen. Margin has a loose aspect. On hardwood. Shady woods.
On a small piece of hardwood. Perithecia are ~5mm in diameter and they are soft and covered with dark setae. When younger they are attached to substratum by a net of dark septate hyphae; later, the 'ball' detaches easily and may roll. Preserve.
Thin white crust with some yellow spots; delicate and arachnoid aspect; structures have clamps; halocystidia present. On thin rotten, wet hardwood stick of 5.5mm. Shady woods. The crust has an extraordinary sweet fungal smell. Thinning towards margin. The crust was seen also growing on long fibers!
On a Salix leaf. Preserve. No rhizomorphs were seen. The surface looks bumpy. Hyphae of two types: one darker and more textured than the other. Only basidia were seen besides that.
On hardwood. Side of rice field canal and a preserve. The gelatinous crust is covered with some sort of irregular short teeth which bear abundant cystidia of two types: Lamprocystidia and septocystidia. Only basidioles were seen and no spores, but the two types of cystidia, its gelatinous consistency and its morphology are good indicators of this species.
White thin crust of delicate aspect; subhymenium has a loose aspect. It thins out towards margin. Hymenium is covered with numerous exerted ornamented cystidia. On oak or fig rotten wood, near a rice field bank. Preserve.
Stick was retrieved from a rice canal and incubated. Cotton Blue cells from second day; Kongorot cells from 3rd day. Bulbil-like cells developed on it. They start white and mature to a pink-peach tone. They don't seem to have an attachment. Conidia are starting to develop giving the fungus some kind of cauliflower appearance.
Cup examined was 3 x 4mm; others were bigger. Hairs are ~.8mm; the others are a bit shorter. On the photo, the hairs don't really have that pale color; they are covered with some sort of matter. On rotten hardwood (oak or fig) at the side of a rice canal subject to flood.
Small resupinate fungus; on Ficus carica rotten branch.
On old Quercus gall. The crust is very thin and is mainly composed of gloeocystia with a bulbous base that narrows to a tip that exerts a little bit beyond the basidial layer. Few of these exerted tips were seen having crystals.
On rotten decorticated Ficus carica. The crust has a gelatinous and transparent aspect. Or Candelabrochete?
On Ficus carica rotten branch. The crust has a fibrose margin. No rhizomorphs were seen. Although my spores are a bit narrower, the light color of the short and inflated subhymenial hyphae, and the morphological appearance of the crust makes it look like it.
Cap 11mm; stipe 4.5 cm. Single. Under hardwood branches, and on a tiny piece of wood.
On hardwood: oak or fig. Edge of a preserve and a rice field canal. Crust is covered with lots of exerted cystidia (skeletocystidia) that has a lavender-brown tone. Subhymenial hyphae are hyaline.
On rotten hardwood (oak or fig); side of cliff in a preserve. Crust is gelatinous. Interesting to notice that this crust was perhaps more mature than another observation I just made. It has more spores germinating and also even younger basidia were developing one single thin sterigmata. Spores are bigger than in the former observation.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/227554376
Thin crust of arachnoid aspect; the warty appearance is false. It is given by growing on scat and debris. Crust thins out towards margin. Two types of cystidia: one capped with crystals and other inflated and narrowing towards tip. All structures with clamps. On rotten hardwood (oak or fig) at the side of a rice canal; area subject to flood.
On rotten hardwood (oak or fig) next to a rice canal. Area is subject to flood. Crust is very thin, looking almost like white dust. Some fine cordons were seen. Clamps are present. Basidia were not observed. The white crust is another species.
On unknown decorticated hardwood (oak or fig); side of rice canal. Area is subject to flood. Teeth are of waxy aspect and compact, with hyphal ends at the tip of teeth strongly incrusted up to 5.4 um wide (very long). Cystidia (leptocystidia) with simple septa; clamps are present in subhymenial hyphae which have thin to thick walls up to 2.9 um wide.
On hardwood. Staining when bruised. Newly opened stretch of land along a rice canal. 1-2 pores per mm; negative reaction to KOH. Pore length 5mm. Examined cap was 4.2 x 2.8 cm. Hirsute cap; angular pores.
Crust of waxy and translucent aspect; On decorticated hardwood. Basidia are divided transversally producing only two thick sterigmata. Accompanying the basidia are very thin coralloid hyphae ~1 um wide. Newly open area subjected to an extreme clearing of crowding trees at the side of a rice field canal.
Bell-like fungus. Cap is ornamented with brownish cystidia. Cheilocystidia are present on edge of gill. On Ficus carica. Edge of preserve and rice field canal. Biggest cap ~3mm, attached by a central point. Stipe is absent. Gills are spaced.
Hidden underneath on hardwood. The fungus has a fluffy aspect; the erect conidiophore parts are topped with a matrix of conidia that falls apart when place in water. Structure has repent and erect conidiophores; these bear the fertile cells which appear in a verticillate style. The area has lots of recently shopped wood to clear from vegetation overgrowth. Lots of Ficus carica (common fig) were reduced to pieces in this spot. The fungus was seen several times, always on the wood not on bark. The place is shady and wet.
Fungus has a fluffy aspect and looks as if cover with sugar(the conidia). Conidia have one septa. On a hollow stick of Ficus carica. Perhaps T. candidum?
On leaf and woody debris. Strong cabbage smell. Newly opened stretch of land along a rice canal. Note: "Gymnopus brassicolens can be distinguished by a translucent-striate cap, buff-colored adnexed gills, a tapered (often cleft) stipe with a pallid apex and black base, and a strong fetid odor. Similar species in California include Marasmiellus subpruinosus and Marasmiellus villosipes but they lack the strong odor of rotting cabbage or garlic." Mycoweb.com
On Rosa sempervirens stem of 3mm wide. Crust is very thin and has a sandy aspect. It has crystals. No clamps seen. Strong amyloid reaction to Melzers. "Gloeocystidia variable in shape, narrowly hyphoid(?) with rounded apex, or clavate to ovate, tapering basally to a long stipe and apically with a more or less moniliform extension, with yellowish contents,..." Larsson & Ryvarden. Shady woods.
0.4mm in diameter for the biggest lentil-like structure. They have a green-gray translucent hue given by the asci and paraphyses which grow on top of a dark celled base. On Hedera helix old leaf. Inside a roofless room in an abandoned convent.
On hardwood. Staining reddish when bruised.
On Torilis japonica. Outside an abandoned convent. The disease was present on the leaves and also on the stem.
On a stick. Small size. Newly opened stretch of land along a rice canal. Clamps are present. Cystidia are present on edge of gills, side of gills, cap and stipe. Marasmiellus?
Pierre-Arthur Moreau:
"I was about to ask if the stipe was pruinose, but I read that there are cystidia everywhere, then I go to Porotheleaceae/Cyphellaceae. My first idea would be Marasmiellomycena (ex-Marasmiellus) omphaliiformis or a close unknown relative but hairs on pileipellis are not visible on your pictures. Another possibility is Marasmiellus virgatocutis o another Physalacriaceae nearby with aberrant cystidia, which could also be teratological monosporic basidia."
Hidden under a pile of brush; on sticks. Newly opened stretch of land along a rice canal.
On old hardwood stick. Cap is covered with hyaline setae. Gills grow around a cottony center bunch of textured hyphae. Inside the garden of an abandoned convent.
Fly was 4mm long. Wings were close to 4mm. Inside an abandoned convent.
Inside an abandoned convent. On small twigs. Cap has darker fibers towards center; gills are spaced and attached; stipe has a vellutinous aspect given by cystidia. Very small size. The fungus burst through the bark. Spores 9.3-12.3 x 3.7-4.4 um.
On small twig. Single. Inside an abandoned convent.
There were more than 50 units within few centimeters area. examined specimen at left of photo. Cap with umbo: 1.9 cm; hollow and fibrose stipe 5 cm x 4.5mm at its base. It feels sturdy. Gills are spaced, with two types of attachment: one full style, mixed with a decurrent tooth. The hyphae from the cap were slightly brown-gray.
scaly cap 3.5cm; stipe 5.8 cm x 5mm at its base. On hardwood. Shady woods. Pronounced umbo. Single.
Underneath the leaves. Unsure about the tree ID. Laurus or Salix. Found by accident while observing the Erysiphe.
On hedera helix stick. Very abundant. Shady woods.
On hardwood branch. Shady woods. KOH turned it brown-purplish.
On Acer pseudoplatanus. Abundant. Public garden. Some spots have several bulbil-like structures which are covered with crystals and are made of inflated structures.
Hidden, on rotten hardwood covered with moss. Delicate in both states: dry or wet. Subiculum/subhymenium is arachnoid.
Cap 8mm; stipe 18mm. It has a faint smell of cabbage and fish. It revived after being wet. Cap is a bit sunken at center. Stipe is densely covered with odd shaped cystidia. Clamps are present. Three units on a small hardwood branch. Shady woods.
Very thin crust fungus; originally it showed some low warts; KOH and even water make it turn light ocher pink. When cut, it showed yellow staining. Margin thins out and shows few delicate hyphae. Cystidia are absent. Clamps are present.
On Antirrhinum linkianum leaves. Plant was growing on a castle wall.
On a Bolete sp. ID is based on the size of the spores which are smaller than H. chrysospermus. Shady woods. The parasite appeared quite quickly. Two days ago there was nothing on that spot. Hedera helix makes it dark and keeps the moisture longer.
Based on the size of the spores which are smaller than H. chrysospermus. On a grayish Bolete sp. Shady woods.
On rotten and wet hardwood. Basidia divide longitudinally in four segments. Shady woods.
Found by chance while using a leaf to wrap a fungus sample! It opened its slit. Shady woods. On old Hedera hibernica. The biggest unit measured almost 1mm long.
Crust with teeth. Gloeocystidia are present. On rotten hardwood. Shady woods.
Cushion-like fungus 4mm wide; 1.5mm high. Asexual structures were growing with the sexual cells. Spores have 4-9 segments and some develop round small conidia from each segment. No clamps present.
On wet hardwood small branch. Shady woods. Consistency is rubbery. 20 conidia were measured: 2.6-3.1-(4) x 2-2.4-(2.9) um.
On Rumex ucranicus; fungus appears as pustules. Side of Old Mondego River.
Resupinate polypore of small size; 2-3 pores per mm; with margin; in few areas, the teeth look irpicoid/angular. On small hardwood branch. Shady woods.
A very small fruitbody of arachnoid aspect; on hardwood. Shady woods.
Cap 1.1 cm; stipe 1.8 cm. Cap and stipe are covered with scales of fluffy aspect. Cheilocystidia present (edge of gill) 31.6-38.4 x 6.9-9.8 um. Some cheilocystidia were seen with golden contents (last photo). Basidia not observed. On rotten hardwood. Shady woods.
On Melilotus indicus.
On dead standing hardwood; side of path. Mossy hardwoods. Cap 8mm; stipe 1.7 cm. Scaly cap and stipe; cystidia on edge of gill; scarce cystidia on side of gill.
Crust is growing on an old Ganoderma adspersum cap. The host feels like just a piece of wood. The crust has teeth/aculei of loose appearance. The subiculum (the part touching substrate) is very thin and continues towards the margin forming a gauzy area of delicate hyphal threads. Edge of preserve and rice canal.
On Salix leaf. Shady woods.
The area is between the side of a preserve and a rice canal edge with hardwoods. The tree is a Quercus suber. One example was examined and has several pore layers.
Crust of waxy consistency with lots of white nuclei under the hymenium. They are made of crystals. There are cystidia of lanceolate shape; their tips collapsing easily; sometimes with a drop-like end. On hardwood. Mossy woods.
Early in the morning...Waiting for the train.
Crust with teeth; waxy aspect; on fallen hardwood; shady woods.
On old gall from Laurobasidium lauri. The cups form a white crown ~.25 mm and the hymenium is deep down in the flesh of the gall. Spores super long and multiply segmented. Paraphyses are a bit longer than asci and have simple to odd shaped tips. https://www.dorsetnature.co.uk/pages-fungi/f-204.html
On a Citrus x clementina leaf. It has also been suggested to be a Entomophthora sp. One of them attacks the strawberry aphids.
On a Citrus x clementina leaf full of aphids carcasses.
On Geranium rotundifolium leaves and stem. Garden.
Three units. One is on a vine hollow small branch; some creamy mycelium strands are surrounding the stick's base. The other two were in the ground. Wisteria sp, Sambucus nigra and Ficus carica are present. The smell of cabbage is overwhelming! Inside the garden of an abandoned convent. Soil is pretty rich. I forgot the mushroom in the site and came back two days later to retrieve a white spore print!
Fly was on a window panel. The fungus consists of white hyphae running in all directions with terminal capitate heads. Before sample was placed in the micro, there are tiny dark concentrations of spores, masses scattered around. Micro shows that these heads keep growing. There are two types of spores present which I have no idea about why.
One new fruitbody found on a new stem. It is growing high up ~2 mt. Two other stems of the same group of trees are infected. On Laurus nobilis.
On Epilobium hirsutum. Fungus presents itself as pustules.
On Ficus pumila fruit (climbing vine) inside an abandoned convent. The conidiophore is up to 1.5 mm tall. Sporangia is hyaline, turning yellow and finally maturing to a black spore mass that falls apart as it is touched.
Crust has a smooth aspect and a loose subhymenium, with hyphae with thick walls. Clamps are absent. Cystidia have thick walls and incrustations only at tip. The subiculum keeps growing 'naked' beyond the smooth hymenium giving the crust a gauzy 'margin' which disappears into few hyphal threads on the substratum. On thin hardwood branch. Shady woods.
Fruitbody up to 1.5 mm long. On a small hardwood branch. Shady woods. "It is an axe-shaped, shiny, black bitunicate pyrenomycetous fungus that is usually somewhat dark-felty at the base. The fruitbody opens by a slit along the 'blade'. Spores thread-like, multicelled non-fragmenting." FUNGI of Temperate Europe.
Solitary. Under hardwoods. Shady woods. Cap 1.8 cm; stupe 2.3 cm x 5mm at its base. Cheilocystidia are present on edge of gill but absent on side of gill. Caulocystidia present on stipe. All cells with clamps at their base.
Fungus was a very small white and fluffy spot on hardwood.
On Laurus nobilis leaf. There are some gelatinous shapes on the lower center & right area of leaf. The fungus presents a simple basal structure from where conidia are born. The conidia present a peculiar aspect at their base. Inside a roofless room in an abandoned convent. Pseudocercospora has been suggested.
Found in water collected from a rice canal.
On rotten hardwood. Side of path in mossy woods. https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/25678/element/7/0/Subulicystidium%20perlongisporum/
On Laurel sp. On a wound. Photos 5 & 6 were taken by professor Paulo de Oliveira on 3/23/2024. The antlers look longer and the color has changed to a some dark pink tone. Basidia were found this time on them. Last photo is from 5/22. Galls are now covered with a thick layer of basidia. Microscopy was done on 5/29. This gall is growing on the lower part of the tree. Two more were growing there; one on the middle and the other high up.
On Laurel sp. in a wound. Several antler-like units on the same tree. Mossy hardwoods. Photo 5 was taken on 3/23 by professor Paulo de Oliveira. Notice the pink coloration of the antlers. No luck with the basidia yet. Photos 6 & 7 are from 4/9. Photo 8 is from 5/22. Gall has a thick layer of basidia. Microscopy was made on 5/29. The galls at this time were soft and watery. The galls acquire a bumpy appearance. The surface looks like an old skin. Although basidia are 4-spored, several basidia bearing 6 spores were seen. Several spores were seen stating to expand at the septa and form conidia. This galls is growing on the middle of the stem. One is close to the base a third one is higher up on it.
On Apium nudiflorum. White soft patches. Gall round or oval, hardly thickened spots, 1-3 mm in diameter, first whitish, later brown. Brook. I am not 100% sure that the oval cells/conidia (?) belong there but they were found on the gall and were abundant. The spheres were also found in the sample. They have a short cord.
On a small hardwood branch. Teeth are cream to ocher so is the subhymenium. Aculei are covered with heavily incrusted cystidia or hyphal ends. Unable to see them clearly in spite of using KOH twice. Teeth are pointy and fused at the base. Teeth up to 2mm long. KOH turned it brown (with a tinge of red when dry). Shady woods. It has also exerted pointy cystidia, with simple septa, ~ 49 um long (leptocystidia).
Scarcely 5 mm wide; setae up to 1mm long, 44-40 um wide, with several roots at their base. Rest of setae are shorter. Shady hardwoods.
Cap deliquesced before I could measure it. It has a bulb at base. On rotten hardwood. Single. Shady woods. After deliquescing, the only structures left intact were the stipe and the scales on its cap. The scales look like cones with a golden tip. They are made of golden brown hyphae towards the tip and lighter inflated hyphal cells towards the base; all of them growing on chains; with clamps. Stipe 4.6 cm; 4mm at its base. Cystidia are present on stipe; with a bulbous base and contents.
Cap 2.3 cm; stipe 3.1 cm for the specimen examined at lower right. Under hardwoods. Three close by, and one still undeveloped, pure white. Cystidia are absent from side of gills.
On Laurus nobilis. Leaves are being kept in moist towels. Micro is coming soon. Each pycnidium is round, separate and looks like a crater. Its ostiole breaks in three rays. The biggest was 0.6mm in diameter. There are troops of them on both sides of leaf.
On Laurus nobilis leaf. Found by chance while keeping a leaf wet to encourage some ascomycetes to open. They appeared the second day. Leaf was found inside a roofless room in an abandoned convent. The caps are ~1mm wide and have no gills. All the structures are covered with capitate cystidia and broom-like cells. Spores are huge for the size of the funguses themselves and have a thick apiculus. The funguses are pure white, speckled with the capitate cystidia acquiring a 'hairy' aspect. There were 17 units. Biggest cap was 2mm.
High up on a tree, out of reach and underneath the branch. Hard to photograph. I managed to get a sample. The galls have a whitish aspect which is given by the naked basidia. It is growing on a branch that is already infected close to its base. In this room with a collapsed roof, there are four galls developing on three stems. Abandoned convent. Micro is coming soon.