In this picture, the Common Witch-Hazel has visible insect holes on its leaves. These holes indicate an ecological interaction between the Witch-Hazel and leaf-eating insects, such as caterpillars or beetles.
This interaction is an example of herbivory, where insects feed on the plant's leaves. While the insects benefit by gaining nourishment from the plant, the Witch-Hazel may experience reduced photosynthetic capability due to the loss of leaf area.