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@nmgvdp
Agreed - i probably shouldn't have just given that website as source. I did so as a 'general reference' which applied to several species in group, because detailing the actual sources of each synonym is painful to implement in this system, especially for such isolated cases - i.e. need to fill in many boxes many times for things usually ignored by others. But in this case, the actual source should have been Zolotuhin 2018, p.385 (full reference below and now edited as source). It says:
Eupterote gardneri Bryk, 1950 stat. nov. as bona species
Eupterote geminata (Walker) ssp. gardneri Bryk, 1950, Entomologisk Tidskrift 71(1): 59. TL: “New Forest (Dehra Dun), U. P., India”. Holotype: ♂ (RMS) [studied].
= Eupterote bifasciata Kishida, 1994, syn. nov., Moths of Nepal 3: 65, fig. 434, pl. 77: 7. TL: [Nepal] “Kosi, Chittrei”. Holotype: ♂ (NHMT) [studied].
He also discusses Dreata lineata Walker, 1855, as another name that could have priority if synonymised.
In: Zolotuhin, V.V. 2018. Nomenclature and synonymic remarks on two species of Eupterotidae (Lepidoptera) described by Johan Christian Fabricius, and notes on related species. Zootaxa 4471(2): 381–386. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4471.2.11. Reference page.
Would you be able to send me the pdf? I don't have easy access to zootaxa articles. I'd really appreciate it. You could send it to my email: nmgvdp@gmail.com
Thanks!
dear all . . . a little digging reveals the above via Zolotuhin 2018.
Nancy, fyi all Zootaxa publications can be accessed via Zenodo (bookmark this one - invaluable!)
Here are my comments in response to a prompt by @elaphrornis ....
There is relatively recent research by Zolotuhin in 2018 . . . published in Zootaxa (paywalled but available via Zenodo at https://zenodo.org/record/1439626, then the "has parts" on the right side of webpage page . . . there is a rather scant reasoning for gardneri with bifasciata listed as syn nov therein (with no reasoning given for the synonymy!) https://zenodo.org/record/5989847 and also the same via https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C95220E94DAA3037FA1537FD87FE5D
Zolotuhin did state the two taxa were compared, but gives absolutely no further indication as to why the synonymy was made. >> There seem to be some assumptions taken, too.
sigh.
Taken into consideration as the species was described from ‘ India orientali’, the type locality for orientalis should probably be corrected as [ Sri Lanka] because three conspecific taxa were described from Ceylon, and Dreata anada was described from the Indian subcontinent. The species is seemingly native to southern India and Sri Lanka. Northwards, in the Himalayas, it is replaced by a closely related species, Eupterote gardneri Bryk, 1950 , stat. nov., which differs by the reduced submarginal spots. The following new synonymy can be therefore established:
Eupterote gardneri Bryk, 1950 stat. nov. as bona species
Eupterote geminata (Walker) ssp. gardneri Bryk, 1950, Entomologisk Tidskrift 71(1): 59. TL: “ New Forest (Dehra Dun), U. P., India ”. Holotype: ♂ ( RMS) [studied].
= Eupterote bifasciata Kishida, 1994 , syn. nov., Moths of Nepal 3: 65, fig. 434, pl. 77: 7. TL: [ Nepal] “ Kosi, Chittrei”. Holotype: ♂ ( NHMT) [studied].
Technically, as this is published, and there appears nothing more recent, it should be regarded as the status quo. However, as there is no justification given for the synonymy, I agree with NvdP, that this is possibly an unjustified taxonomic action.
Note that further south, Zolotuhin regards E. orientalis as the sister species (= D. geminata), which is from Sri Lanka....
The situation on BOLD is also confused, with gardneri used (one record from N.E. India) and geminata used (for orientalis), with records from India, Indochina, Thailand, Bhutan and mainland China. Data on BOLD's BINs is not public, so not possible to draw any understanding based on molecular evidence. Probably the observations on MoI are of both orientalis and gardneri (sensu Zolotuhin)
The whole lot needs a proper taxonomic treatment, incorporating molecular, morphological, semiochemical (pheromone) and ecological data.
I don't see anything on the moths of India website that includes bifasciata in gardneri. Do you have another reference? I think some of these species are not well characterized and unless there is new information, it's tricky to start synonymizing.